Pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2: aspectos biológicos, epidemiológicos y clínicos
Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pandemia; fisiopatología; infección viralResumen
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir los principales aspectos biológicos, epidemiológicos y clínicos, con especial énfasis en la fisiopatología, ocasionado por el SARS-CoV-2.El Coronavirus 2 del Síndrome Agudo Respiratorio Severo, es un orthocoronavirinae, del grupo IV, pertenecientes al género betacoronavirus, que causa la actual enfermedad pandémica definida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (2020), como COVID-19. Esta es considerada por los expertos mundiales como una infección viral emergente. Su origen es veterinario y su transmisión zoonótica, a partir de virus que tienen como reservorios a murciélagos y como hospedador intermediario al pangolín, desde el cual se infiere que pudo adaptarse al ser humano, para transmitirse de persona a persona, mediante gotitas respiratorias y secreciones nasales contaminadas con partículas altamente infecciosas. No se descarta la transmisión fecal-oral. La enfermedad posee un periodo de incubación de 2 a 14 días (promedio: 5,2 días) y hasta ahora las medidas de prevención y control más eficientes son la cuarentena social obligatoria, el uso de tapabocas, lavado de manos con agua y jabón por al menos 20 segundos, o con productos en gel con alcohol al 70%, mantener una distancia mínima entre las personas de 2 metros. Lo aprendido de los otros dos betacoronavirus humanos relacionados, causantes de las epidemias previas: SARS-CoV en 2002-2003 y el MERS en 2012, permiten encarar de mejor forma la actual pandemia.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.
